Definition
Pipe fittings are a general term for the components that play a role in connecting, controlling, changing direction, diverting, sealing, supporting, etc. in pipeline systems.
Pipe fitting introduction
Steel fittings are all pressure bearing fittings. According to different processing techniques, they are divided into four categories, namely butt welded fittings (with and without welds), socket welded and threaded fittings, and flange fittings.
Common Categories
There are many types of pipe fittings, classified here according to their purpose, connection, material, and processing method.
Classified by purpose
1.The fittings used for interconnecting pipes include flanges, unions, pipe clamps, clamps, sleeves, throat clamps, etc.
2.Pipe fittings that change the direction of pipes: elbows, bends.
3.Pipe fittings that change the diameter of pipes: variable diameter (reducing pipe), reducing elbow, branch pipe platform, reinforcing pipe.
4.Add fittings for branching pipelines: tees, tees.
5.Pipe fittings used for pipeline sealing: gaskets, raw tape, hemp thread, flange blind plates, pipe plugs, blind plates, heads, welding plugs.
6.Pipe fittings used for pipeline fixation: snap rings, drag hooks, lifting rings, brackets, brackets, pipe clamps, etc.
Divided by Connection
1.Welded pipe fittings
2.Threaded pipe fittings
3.Card sleeve fittings
4.Clamp fittings
5.Socket fittings
6.Adhesive pipe fittings
7.Hot melt pipe fittings
8.Curved double melting pipe fittings
9.Rubber ring connected pipe fittings
Classified by materials
1.Cast steel pipe fittings
2.Cast iron pipe fittings
3.Stainless steel pipe fittings :
ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N
ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti
ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347H
Low temperature steel : ASTM/ASME A402 WPL3-WPL 6
High performance steel : ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70
Cast steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy, plastic, argon slag, PVC, PPR, RFPP (reinforced polypropylene), etc.
4.Plastic pipe fittings
5.PVC pipe fittings
6.Rubber pipe fittings
7.Graphite pipe fittings
8.Forged steel pipe fittings
9.PPR pipe fittings
10.Alloy pipe fittings : ASTM/ASME A234 WP 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP911,15Mo3 15CrMoV, 35CrMoV
11.PE pipe fittings
12.ABS pipe fittings
Classification of Production Methods
It can be divided into pushing, pressing, forging, casting, etc.
Classification of Manufacturing Standards
It can be divided into national standards, electrical standards, ship standards, chemical standards, water standards, American standards, German standards, Japanese standards, Russian standards, etc.
It is divided by its curvature radius
It can be divided into long radius elbows and short radius elbows. A long radius elbow refers to a pipe with a curvature radius equal to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the pipe, i.e. R=1.5D; A short radius elbow refers to a curvature radius equal to the outer diameter of the pipe, i.e. R=1.0D. (D is the diameter of the elbow, R is the radius of curvature).
If classified by pressure level: there are about seventeen types, which are the same as the pipe standards in the United States, including Sch5s Sch10s,Sch10,Sch20,Sch30,Sch40s,STD,Sch40,Sch60,Sch80s,XS;Sch80,SCH100,Sch120,Sch140,Sch160,XXS; The most commonly used ones are STD and XS.
Related applications
Development prospects of the building materials industry
China is already the world's largest producer and consumer of building materials. The main building materials products, such as cement, flat glass, building and sanitary ceramics, stone, and wall materials, have been ranked first in the world in terms of production for many years. At the same time, the quality of building materials products continues to improve, energy and raw material consumption are decreasing year by year, various new building materials are constantly emerging, building materials products are constantly upgrading and replacing, and the pipeline equipment manufacturing industry in Cangzhou has a strong foundation. There are currently over 3200 production enterprises, including 222 large-scale enterprises (with sales revenue of over 5 million yuan) and 124000 employees.The main products include seamless steel pipes of various diameters such as special steel, stainless steel, carbon steel, low, medium, and high pressure boiler pipes, oil drilling pipes, and other steel pipes; Various elbow fittings such as tees, tees, valves, reducers, etc; Various stainless steel flanges and forged flanges; Various pipeline fittings such as pipe racks, instruments, and oil blowout preventers; Various plastic pipes such as polyethylene pipes and polypropylene pipes, with a total of 16 categories, over 370 varieties, and more than 3500 specifications. The manufacturing process mainly adopts hot-rolled straight seam welding, spiral double-sided submerged arc welding, forging, forging, medium frequency pushing, cold forming, hot extrusion, etc. The maximum processing diameter of the pipeline is 2020 millimeters.The product is widely used in engineering fields such as municipal, petrochemical, West East Gas Pipeline, shipbuilding, and nuclear power, with an annual design and processing capacity of 25 million tons. In 2010, enterprises above designated size achieved an industrial added value of 13 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 31.7%, accounting for 16.1% of the total added value of all enterprises above designated size. The pipeline equipment manufacturing industry in Cangzhou is moving towards the goals of "three highs" (scale, level, and equipment) and "three highs" (high-end, high pressure, and high added value), striving to promote the pipeline equipment manufacturing industry's capacity to reach 30 million tons. Cangzhou will become a well-known "pipeline equipment manufacturing and research and development base" and "pipeline equipment capital" both domestically and internationally.The infrastructure investment in the 11th Five Year Plan has reached a mid point, with the explosive growth of investment in infrastructure construction such as highways and railways, as well as the steady growth of investment in ordinary civil buildings, putting the construction industry in an upward phase of prosperity. At the same time, in the context of building an energy-saving society and strengthening the country's independent innovation capabilities, the themes of energy conservation and technological innovation will be the hotspots of industry development.
Related standards
There are mainly two systems of pipe flange standards internationally, namely the European pipe flange system represented by German DIN (including the former Soviet Union) and the American pipe flange system represented by American ANSI pipe flanges. In addition, there are also Japanese JIS pipe flanges, but they are generally only used for public works in petrochemical plants and have a relatively small impact internationally. Here is a brief introduction to the flanges of various countries:
1.European system pipe flanges represented by Germany and the former Soviet Union.
2.American system pipe flange standards, represented by ANSI B16.5 and ANSI B 16.47
3.The UK and France have flange standards, with each country having two sets of flange standards.
In summary, the internationally recognized pipe flange standards can be summarized into two different and non interchangeable pipe flange systems: a European pipe flange system represented by Germany; Another is the American pipe flange system represented by the United States.
IOS7005-1 is a standard issued by the International Organization for Standardization in 1992, which is actually a pipe flange standard that combines two series of pipe flanges from the United States and Germany.
The key criteria include the following classifications
Current national standards
GB/T10752-1995 Marine steel pipe butt welded joints
GB/T12772-1999 Flexible interface cast iron pipes and fittings for drainage
GB/T 8803-2001 Injection molded rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) pipe fittings - Hot oven test method
GB/T 8802-2001 Determination of Vicat softening temperature of thermoplastic pipes and fittings
GB/T 18251-2000 Method for determination of pigment or carbon black dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and mixtures
GB/T 18474-2001 Test method for crosslinking degree of cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X) pipes and fittings
GB/T 18475-2001 Classification and naming of materials for thermoplastic pressure pipes and fittings, overall use (design) coefficients
GB/T 18742.3-2002 Polypropylene piping systems for hot and cold water - Part 3: Pipe fittings
GB/T 18991-2003 Thermoplastic pipes and fittings for hot and cold water systems
GB/T 18993.3-2003 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C) piping systems for hot and cold water - Part 3: Pipe fittings
GB/T 18998.3-2003 Industrial chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C) piping systems - Part 3: Pipe fittings
GB/T 19228.3-2003 Rubber O-ring seal for stainless steel compression fittings
GB/T 19278-2003 General terms and definitions for thermoplastic pipes, fittings, and valves
GB/T 19473.3-2004 Polybutene (PB) piping systems for hot and cold water - Part 3: Pipe fittings
GB/T 12459-2005 Steel butt welded seamless pipe fittings
GB/T 19712-2005 Plastic pipes and fittings - Polyethylene (PE) saddle bypass impact resistance test method
GB 15558.2-2005 Underground polyethylene (PE) pipeline system for gas use - Part 2: Pipe fittings
GB/T 13663.2-2005 Polyethylene (PE) piping systems for water supply - Part 2: Pipe fittings
GB/T 19806-2005 Squeezing and peeling test of polyethylene electrofusion components for plastic pipes and fittings
GB/T 19807-2005 Preparation of composite specimens for plastic pipes and fittings, polyethylene pipes and electrofusion fittings
GB/T 19808-2005 Tensile peel test for polyethylene electrofusion components with a nominal outer diameter greater than or equal to 90mm for plastic pipes and fittings
GB/T 19809-2005 Plastic pipes and fittings - Preparation of polyethylene (PE) pipes/fittings or pipe/fitting hot melt butt joint components
GB/T 19810-2005 Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings - Determination of tensile strength and failure mode of hot melt butt joints
GB/T 13401-2005 Steel plate welded pipe fittings
GB/T 19993-2005 Thermoplastic piping systems for hot and cold water - Pipe and fittings combination system - Thermal cycling test method
GB/T 5836.2-2006 PVC-U fittings for building drainage
GB/T 15819-2006 Test method and technical requirements for sensitivity of polyethylene (PE) pipes for irrigation to environmental stress cracking caused by plug-in fittings
GB/T 20201-2006 Mechanical connection fittings for polyethylene (PE) pressure pipes for irrigation
GB/T 20207.2-2006 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pressure piping system - Part 2: Pipe fittings
GB/T 20674.2-2006 Plastic pipes and fittings - Polyethylene system fusion equipment - Part 2: Electric fusion connection
GB/T 20674.1-2006 Plastic pipes and fittings - Polyethylene system fusion equipment - Part 1: Hot melt docking
GB/T 8801-2007 Drop test method for rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) fittings
GB/T 21300-2007 Determination of opacity of plastic pipes and fittings
GB/T 21409-2008 General rules for inspection, installation, and use of glass equipment, pipelines, and fittings
GB/T 21408-2008 Universality and interchangeability of glass equipment, pipes, and fittings with a diameter of 15mm to 150mm
GB/T 14383-2008 Forged socket welding and threaded fittings
GB/T 13295-2008 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, and accessories for water and gas pipelines
GB/T 6567.3-2008 Technical drawings - graphic symbols and fittings for piping systems
GB/T 22051-2008 Cross linked polyethylene (PE-X) pipe with sliding sleeve cold expansion fittings
GB/T 6567.5-2008 Technical drawings - Graphic symbols for piping systems - Axonometric drawing of graphic symbols for piping, fittings, valves, etc
GB/T 11618.1-2008 Copper pipe joints - Part 1: Brazed fittings
GB/T 12772-2008 Flexible interface cast iron pipes, fittings and accessories for drainage
GB/T 3420-2008 Grey cast iron pipe fittings
GB/T 11618.2-2008 Copper pipe fittings - Part 2: Compression fittings
GB/T 23241-2009 Basic parameters and technical conditions of plastic pipes and fittings for irrigation
GB/T 23682-2009 Requirements, design, and installation of refrigeration system and heat pump hose components, isolation pipes, and expansion joints
GB/T 24452-2009 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C) pipes and fittings for sewage and wastewater (high and low temperature) inside buildings
GB/T 17457-2009 Ductile iron pipes and fittings with cement mortar lining
GB/T 24596-2009 Ductile iron pipes and fittings with polyurethane coating
GB/T 24672-2009 Metal thin-walled pipes and fittings for sprinkler irrigation
GB/T 5135.19-2010 Automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system - Part 19: Plastic pipes and fittings
GB/T 26002-2010 Stainless steel corrugated hoses and fittings for gas transmission
GB/T 26120-2010 Low pressure stainless steel threaded pipe fittings
GB/T 26081-2010 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, and accessories for sewage treatment
GB 26255.2-2010 Mechanical fittings for polyethylene pipeline systems for gas use - Part 2: Steel plastic conversion fittings for pipes with a nominal outer diameter greater than 63mm
GB 26255.1-2010 Mechanical fittings for polyethylene pipeline systems for gas use - Part 1: Steel plastic conversion fittings for pipes with a nominal outer diameter not exceeding 63mm
GB/T 26500-2011 General technical requirements for fluoroplastic lined steel pipes and fittings
GB/T 19228.2-2011 Stainless steel compression fittings - Part 2: Thin walled stainless steel pipes for connections
GB/T 19228.1-2011 Stainless steel compression fittings - Part 1: Compression fittings
GB/T 27684-2011 Titanium and titanium alloy seamless and welded fittings
GB/T 27891-2011 Carbon steel compression fittings
Industry standards
1.Steel butt welded seamless fittings GB/T 12459-2005
2.Steel plate welded pipe fittings GB/T 13401-2005
3.Steel butt welded pipe fittings for power plants DL/T 695-1999
SH 3408 steel butt welded seamless fittings
SH 3409 steel plate butt welded fittings
SH 3410 forged steel socket welded fittings
HGJ514-87 carbon steel, low-alloy steel seamless butt welded fittings
CJ/T 321-2010 aluminum alloy lined plastic composite pipes and fittings
American Pipe Standards
ASME/ANSI B16.9 Factory made seamless steel pipe fittings for butt welding
ASME/ANSI B16.11Socket welded and threaded forged fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.28 Steel butt welded small radius elbows and return bends
ASME B16.5 Pipe flanges and flange fittings
MSS SP-43 Forged stainless steel butt welded fittings
MSS SP-83 Socket welded and threaded union fittings
MSS SP-97 Integral reinforced socket welded, threaded and butt welded ends
ASME B16.3-1998 Forged cast iron threaded pipes
Complete List of Pipeline Standards
1.Regulations on Safety Management and Supervision of Pressure Pipelines (Document No. 140 of 1996) issued by the former Ministry of Labor.
2.Qualification License and Management Rules for Design Units of Pressure Vessels and Pipelines (Document No. 235 of the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine).
3.Notice on Strengthening Safety Supervision and Management of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stations (Document No. 143, 1999) issued by the Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau.
4.Opinions on Implementing the Notice on Strengthening Safety Supervision and Management of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stations (No. 59, 1999).
5.Regulations on Safety Technical Supervision of Steam Boilers (Document No. 276, 1996) issued by the former Ministry of Labor.
6.Regulations on Safety Technical Supervision of Hot Water Boilers (Document No. [1997] 74 of the former Ministry of Labor).
7.Regulations on Safety Technical Supervision of Organic Heat Carrier Furnaces (Document No. [1993] 356 of the former Ministry of Labor).
8.Supervision Regulations for Safety Technology of Pressure Vessels (Guofa [1999] No. 154) issued by the Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau.
9 GB4962-1985 Safety Technical Regulations for Hydrogen Use.
10 GB6222-1986 Safety Regulations for Industrial Enterprise Gas.
11 GB11984-1989 Safety Regulations for Chlorine Gas.
12 GB13348-1992 Static Safety Regulations for Liquid Petroleum Products.
13 SY6186-1996 Safety Regulations for Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipelines.
14 SY5737-1995 Safety Regulations for Petroleum Pipeline Transportation.
15 DL/T561-95 Guidelines for Chemical Supervision of Water and Steam in Thermal Power Plants.
16 DL/T709-1999 Safety Testing Technical Regulations for Pressure Steel Pipes Fire Prevention, Health and Environmental Protection.
Fire prevention, hygiene, and environmental protection
1 GB50160-92 (partially revised in 1999) Fire Protection Code for Petrochemical Enterprise Design *
2 GB5044-1985 Classification of Occupational Contact Toxic Hazards *
3 GBJ16-87 (partially revised in 2001) Fire Protection Code for Building Design
4 GBJ73-84 Design Code for Cleanroom
5 GB/T3840-1991 Technical Principles and Methods for Formulating Local Air Pollutant Emission Standards GB16297-1996 Comprehensive Emission Standard for Air Pollutants
6 GB50058-1992 Design Code for Electric Power Equipment in Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments * GB50084-2001 Design Code for Automatic Sprinkler Fire Extinguishing Systems
7 GB50183-1993 Fire Protection Design Code for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Engineering
8 GB50187-1993 General Layout Design Code for Industrial Enterprises × GB50338-2003 Design Code for Fixed Fire Cannon Extinguishing System
9 HG20532-1993 Safety and Health Design Regulations for Chemical Powder Engineering
10 HG20571-1995 Safety and Health Design Regulations for Chemical Enterprises ×
11 HG20667-1986 Environmental Protection Design Regulations for Chemical Construction Projects HGJ6
12 HG/T20687-1989 Electrical Design Code for Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments in Chemical Enterprises HGJ21 ×
13 SH3024-1995 Environmental Protection Design Code for Petrochemical Enterprises ×
14 SH3047-1993 Occupational Safety and Health Design Code for Petrochemical Enterprises [1]
Pipeline connection structure class
1 GB/T1415-1992 Metric taper threads
2 GB/T7306.1-2-2000 Pipe threads sealed with threads
3 GB/T7307-2001 Non threaded sealed pipe threads
4 GB/T12716-2002 60o sealed pipe threads
5 GB/T985-1988 Basic forms and dimensions of weld grooves for gas welding, manual arc welding, and gas shielded welding
6 GB/T986-1988 Basic forms and dimensions of weld grooves for submerged arc welding
7 GB/T324-1988 Weld symbol notation
8 HG/T3204-1981 Graphite pipe thread series [1]
Engineering Design Standards
General standard category
1 GB13-86 (97th edition) Outdoor Water Supply Design Specification
2 GB14-87 (97th edition) Outdoor Drainage Design Specification
3 GB150-1998 Steel Pressure Vessels
4 GB50028-1993 (2002 edition) Urban Gas Design Specification 98 Revision
5 GB50030-1991 Oxygen Station Design Specification
6 GB50031-1991 Code for Design of Acetylene Stations *
7 GB50041-1992 Code for Design of Boiler Rooms *
8 GB50049-1994 Code for Design of Small Thermal Power Plants *
9 GB50156-2002 Code for Design and Construction of Automobile Refueling and Gas Stations *
10 GB50177-1993 Code for Design of Hydrogen Oxygen Stations *
11 GB50195-1994 Design Code for Generator Gas Station *
12 GB50251-2003 Design Code for Gas Pipeline Engineering *
13 GB50253-2003 Design Code for Oil Pipeline Engineering *
14 GB/T50265-1997 Design Code for Pumping Stations *
15 GB50316-2000 Design Code for Industrial Metal Pipelines
16 GB50029-2003 Design Code for Compressed Air Stations
17 GB50074-2002 Design Code for Petroleum Depots GBJ74
18 HG20695-1987 Design Code for Chemical Pipelines HGJ8
19 HG20519-1992 Unified Regulations for Content and Depth of Chemical Process Design and Construction Drawings
20 HG20546-1992 Design Regulations for Equipment Layout of Chemical Plants*
21 HG/T20549-1998 Design Regulations for Pipeline Layout of Chemical Plants *
22 HG/T20645-1998 Mechanical Design Regulations for Pipeline of Chemical Plants *
23 HG/T20646-1999 Design Regulations for Pipeline Materials of Chemical Plants *
24 HG 20581-1998 Material Selection Regulations for Steel Chemical Containers
25 HG 20582-1998 Strength Calculation Regulations for Steel Chemical Containers
26 SHJ9-89 Design Specification for Fuel Gas System and Combustible Gas Emission System of Petrochemical Enterprises
27 SH3011-2000 General Rules for Layout Design of Petrochemical Process Equipment
28 SH3012-2000 General Rules for Layout Design of Petrochemical Pipeline
29 SH/T3041-2002 Flexible Design Specification for Petrochemical Pipeline
30 SH3007-1999 Design Specification for Storage and Transportation System Tank Farm in Petrochemical Enterprises SHJ7
31 SH3034-1999 Design Specification for Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline in Petrochemical Industry SHJ34
32 SH3059-1994 General Rules for Equipment Selection in Pipeline Design of Petrochemical Enterprises
33 SY/T0015.1-2.1998 Design Specification for Crossing Engineering of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Transportation Pipeline
34 SY/T0075-2002 Design Specification for Fire Protection Embankment in Oil Tank Farm
34 SYJ13-86 Design Specification for Crude Oil Long distance Pipeline Process and Oil Transfer Station
35 SYJ14-85 Design Specification for Crude Oil Long distance Pipeline Route
36 SY/T0325-2001 Recommended Practice for Steel Pipeline Crossing Railways and Highways
37 SY/T0518-2002 Design Specification for Steel Butt Welded Pipe Components of Oil and Gas Pipeline
38 SY/T10043-2002 Guide for Pressure Relief and Reduction Systems
39 SY/T10044-2002 Recommended Practice for Size Determination, Selection, and Installation of Pressure Relief Devices in Refineries DL5000-1994 Technical Code for Design of Thermal Power Plants
36 DL/T5054-1996 Technical Code for Design of Steam and Water Pipelines in Thermal Power Plants
37 SDGJ6-90 Technical Code for Stress Calculation of Steam and Water Pipelines in Thermal Power Plants
38 CJJ34-2002 Design Code for Urban Thermal Power Grid
Noise control, anti-static, thermal insulation, anti-corrosion, seismic resistance, jacket type
1 GBJ44-82 Seismic Identification Standards for Outdoor Gas and Thermal Engineering Facilities
2 GBJ87-85 Design Specification for Industrial Enterprise Noise Control *
3 GB/T4272-1992 General Principles for Equipment and Pipeline Insulation Technology
4 GB7231-1987 Basic Identification Colors and Symbols for Industrial Pipelines
5 GB/T8175-1987 Design Guidelines for Equipment and Pipeline Insulation
6 GB/T8923-1988 Rust grades and removal grades of steel surfaces before painting
7 GB/T11790-1996 General rules for cold insulation technology of equipment and pipelines
8 GB12158-1990 General guidelines for preventing static electricity accidents
GB12348-1990 Industrial enterprise boundary noise standard
GB12801-1991 General requirements for safety and health in production processes
9 GB/T15586-1995 Design guidelines for cold insulation of equipment and pipelines
10 GB50264-1997 Design Code for Thermal Insulation Engineering of Industrial Equipment and Pipelines
11 HG20503-1992 Design Regulations for Noise Control of Chemical Construction Projects *
12 HG20560-1994 Design Guidelines for Anti static Chemical Processes
13 HG/T20675-1990 Design Regulations for Static Electricity Grounding of Chemical Enterprises HGJ28
14 HG/T20679-1990 Design Regulations for External Anti corrosion of Chemical Equipment and Pipelines HGJ34
15 HG25043-1991 Pipeline Painting Regulations
16 SH3022-1999 Anti corrosion Design and Construction Specification for Equipment and Pipeline Coatings in Petrochemical Enterprises SHJ22
17 SHJ39-91 General Rules for Seismic Design of Non buried Pipelines in Petrochemical Enterprises
18 SHJ40-91 Design Specification for Steam Companion and Jacket in Petrochemical Enterprises
19 SHJ43-91 Surface Painting and Marking of Equipment and Pipelines in Petrochemical Enterprises
20 SH3010-2000 Design Specification for Thermal Insulation of Equipment and Pipelines in Petrochemical Enterprises
21 SH3097-2000 Design Specification for Static Electricity Grounding in Petrochemical Industry
22 SYJ7-84 Design Specification for Anti corrosion Engineering of Steel Pipelines and Storage Tanks
23 SYJ8-84 Technical Standard for Petroleum Asphalt Anti corrosion Coating of Buried Steel Pipelines
24 SY0007-1999 Design Specification for Anti corrosion Engineering of Steel Pipelines and Storage Tanks
